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Thursday 5 May 2016

Science Project about Animals and plants

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The surface of the earth is covered with plants and animals, and we cover many of them in this category. Starting with plants, we explore agriculture and horticulture. Agriculture is the science of producing plants and livestock from the natural resources of the earth. This usually happens on a large scale. Horticulture usually means small-scale gardening and cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants. 
Both grew from early man’s need to feed and clothe themselves, and agriculture and the domestication of wild animals made it possible for civilizations to be created. Today, modern agriculture feeds most of the people on the planet and is made easier by developments like irrigation, genetic engineering, and the combine harvester. Diseases that typically infect plants are blight, clubroot, gall, and viroid. People who made important contributions to the advancement of agriculture as a science include Jethro Tull, who invented a mechanical drill for sowing seeds, and Eli Whitney, who invented the cotton gin. 
Animals, both domesticated and wild, can be found almost anywhere on the planet. Domesticated animals include cattle, horses, sheep, chickens, dogs, llamas, and pigs. The rest of the creatures on the planet are considered wild animals, and this includes mammals, insects, fish, and reptiles. Many varieties of animals can be found in all corners of the globe, deep in the sea, and soaring high in the sky. The study of all animals is called zoology and it includes the classification and naming systems as well as studying fossil records. 
The category of plants and animals contains information about many living things on earth.

Plants and animals form the core of what comes to mind when we think about “environment.” These two resource concerns are at the heart of much of the conservation work done by NRCS to support healthy ecosystems.

Plants are the fabric which covers the soil. They hold the soil in place to reduce erosion and improve water quality. Plants provide our food, materials for shelter, fuel to warm us and replenish the air we breathe. Plants provide food for animals and habitat for wildlife. 
Plant Materials Program
PLANTS Database

Animals both large and small are a critical component to our environment. Domesticated animals, such as livestock, provide us food, fiber and leather. Wild animals, including birds, fish, insects and pollinators, are important to support the web of activity in a functioning ecosystem.

Healthy populations of plants and animals are critical for life. Invasive plants and pests can ruin crop fields and forests and drastically alter the natural processes of ecosystems.

NRCS develops technical information and guidance to assist conservationists and landowners with enhancing plant and animal populations and addressing invasive plant and pest concerns.

About Light Topics for Science

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Light is everywhere in our world. We need it to see: it carries information from the world to our eyes and brains. Seeing colors and shapes is second nature to us, yet light is a perplexing phenomenon when we study it more closely.
Here are some things to think about:
Our brains and eyes act together to make extraordinary things happen in perception. Movies are sequences of still pictures. Magazine pictures are arrays of dots.
Light acts like particles—little light bullets—that stream from the source. This explains how shadows work.
Light also acts like waves—ripples in space—instead of bullets. This explains how rainbows work. In fact, light is both. This "wave-particle duality" is one of the most confusing—and wonderful—principles of physics.
Scientists have spent lifetimes developing consistent physical, biological, chemical, and mathematical explanations for these principles. But we can start on the road to deeper understanding without all the equations by acting as scientists do: making observations, performing experiments, and testing our conjectures against what we see.
The activities in this lab are designed to give you ideas about light—and also about how you can use technology to explore light. Collectively, the activities are a sampler—rather than comprehensive demonstration—of these two topics:
Light in Color. Color is more than decoration, and perceiving color is tricky. Three activities help you see how colors interact and how we can use color as a scientific tool.
Laws of Light. Light behaves according to special rules; for example, it usually travels in a straight line and it bounces off mirrors at the same angle it hits them.
In this lab, you will work with simulations to see things more quickly and conveniently. This has merit, but it's no substitute for the real thing. So, wherever possible, follow the links to hands-on activities. You will find many of these explanations in their original form at the Exploratorium.
Light is a wonderful subject for school study partly because you can teach some facet of it at every grade level.
Younger primary school students can compare their own shadows against themselves. You might ask them, How is your shadow like you? Is it taller or shorter or just the same height? These students can look in a mirror, raise their right hand, and answer the question, Which hand is the reflection raising? At this stage, they make only informal observations about light and color.
Slightly older students develop more sophisticated ideas about shadows. For example, when they are outside, they will see that the places in shadow are the ones from which they cannot see the sun. These students may also learn more formally about color; for example, remembering that blue and yellow make green when they are mixing pigments. They may also play more games with mirrors, especially in math class.
Students in the middle grades learn about prisms and spectra, and may informally study refraction (how the pencil seems to bend when it is put in water), more sophisticated reflection (why a right-angle mirror always reflects), and other physical properties of light (such as its momentum, as evidenced by the radiometer).
All of this prepares students to grasp the subject of light more formally: from calculating reflection angles to learning about energy transfer, the electromagnetic spectrum, the indices of refraction, the speed of light, and so forth.
In the National Science Education Standards (National Academy of Sciences, 1996), you can find many reasons to study light. Various aspects of this subject appear in the standards for physical science.
To begin, you will need to engage students actively in doing scientific inquiry. In the Standards, the authors describe the Science as Inquiry content standard in this manner:
Students at all grade levels and in every domain of science should have the opportunity to use scientific inquiry and develop the ability to think and act in ways associated with inquiry, including asking questions, planning and conducting investigations, using appropriate tools and techniques to gather data, thinking critically and logically about relationships between evidence and explanations, constructing and analyzing alternative explanations, and communicating scientific arguments. (p. 105)
Light is particularly suited to students' inquiry. Students already have ideas about light, but the study of light still has surprises for them. From the teacher's point of view, light is cheap and easy to manipulate.
The activities in this lab are organized under two topics: Light in Colorand Laws of Light. For each one, an introduction outlines the rationale for teaching the topic and briefly describes the activities. Follow the links to the activities themselves. There you can access a background page that may include an elaboration of the rationale, grade-level information, and connections to standards for that specific activity. Resources may also be listed to help you investigate the topic further.
Overall, the activities explore sophisticated science without doing a lot of sophisticated data gathering or calculation. All you have to do is think about light—and be ready to have your assumptions challenged.

About Human body antomy facts and functions

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The job of the circulatory system is to move blood, nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and hormones, around the body. It consists of the heart, blood, blood vessels,arteries and veins.

The digestive system consists of a series of connected organs that together, allow the body to break down and absorb food, and remove waste. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. The liver and pancreas also play a role in the digestive system because they produce digestive juices.

The endocrine system consists of eight major glands that secrete hormones into the blood. These hormones, in turn, travel to different tissues and regulate various bodily functions, such as metabolism, growth and sexual function.

The immune system is the body's defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens that may be harmful. It includes lymph nodes, the spleen, bone marrow, lymphocytes (including B-cells and T-cells), the thymus and leukocytes, which are white blood cells.

The lymphatic system includes lymph nodes, lymph ducts and lymph vessels, and also plays a role in the body's defenses. Its main job is to make is to make and move lymph, a clear fluid that contains white blood cells, which help the body fight infection. The lymphatic system also removes excess lymph fluid from bodily tissues, and returns it to the blood.

The nervous system controls both voluntary action (like conscious movement) and involuntary actions (like breathing), and sends signals to different parts of the body. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves that connect every other part of the body to the central nervous system.

The body's muscular system consists of about 650 muscles that aid in movement, blood flow and other bodily functions. There are three types of muscle: skeletal muscle which is connected to bone and helps with voluntary movement, smooth muscle which is found inside organs and helps to move substances through organs, and cardiac muscle which is found in the heart and helps pump blood.

The reproductive system allows humans to reproduce. The male reproductive system includes the penis and the testes, which produce sperm. The female reproductive system consists of the vagina, the uterus and the ovaries, which produce eggs. During conception, a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, which creates a fertilized egg that implants and grows in the uterus. [Related: Awkward Anatomy: 10 Odd Facts About the Female Body]

Our bodies are supported by the skeletal system, which consists of 206 bones that are connected by tendons, ligaments and cartilage. The skeleton not only helps us move, but it's also involved in the production of blood cells and the storage of calcium. The teeth are also part of the skeletal system, but they aren't considered bones.

The respiratory system allows us to take in vital oxygen and expel carbon dioxide in a process we call breathing. It consists mainly of the trachea, the diaphragm and the lungs.

The urinary system helps eliminate a waste product called urea from the body, which is produced when certain foods are broken down. The whole system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, two sphincter muscles and the urethra. Urine produced by the kidneys travels down the ureters to the bladder, and exits the body through the urethra.

The skin, or integumentary system, is the body's largest organ. It protects us from the outside world, and is our first defense against bacteria, viruses and other pathogens. Our skin also helps regulate body temperature and eliminate waste through perspiration. In addition to skin, the integumentary system includes hair and nails.
Vital organs

Humans have five vital organs that are essential for survival. These are the brain, heart, kidneys, liver and lungs.

The human brain is the body's control center, receiving and sending signals to other organs through the nervous system and through secreted hormones. It is responsible for our thoughts, feelings, memory storage and general perception of the world.

The human heart is a responsible for pumping blood throughout our body.

The job of the kidneys is to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The kidneys take urea out of the blood and combine it with water and other substances to make urine.

The liver has many functions, including detoxifying of harmful chemicals, breakdown of drugs, filtering of blood, secretion of bile and production of blood-clotting proteins.

The lungs are responsible for removing oxygen from the air we breathe and transferring it to our blood where it can be sent to our cells. The lungs also remove carbon dioxide, which we exhale.
Fun facts
The human body contains nearly 100 trillion cells.
There are at least 10 times as many bacteria in the human body as cells.
The average adult takes over 20,000 breaths a day.
Each day, the kidneys process about 200 quarts (50 gallons) of blood to filter out about 2 quarts of waste and water
Adults excrete about a quarter and a half (1.42 liters) of urine each day.
The human brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells
Water makes up more than 50 percent of the average adult's body weight

- See more at: http://www.livescience.com/37009-human-body.html#sthash.nhX0BHLt.dpuf

About Solar planets

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The ancient Greeks looked into the night and saw that some of the brightest stars were moving on a regular basis. They called them “wanderers”—planets. A few thousand years later, humanity itself has become the planetary wanderer, by sending robots to explore them. Rovers crawl on the surface of Mars; a lander clings precariously to a comet; a spacecraft swooshes past Pluto.
The questions posed by these probes are not all that different from those of our forebears: How did the solar system come to be? Is Earth the only place where the ingredients for life were catalyzed into the real thing? Robotic planetary exploration began a half century ago with sobering reality checks: our nearest neighbors—the moon, Mars and Venus—were fairly horrible places for life. More recently, scientists have been intrigued by not-so-inhospitable conditions in the icy worlds of the outer solar system—moons such as Europa, Titan, and Enceladus.
Now, the race is on to look past the edge of the solar system and into the planetary gardens of our galactic neighbors. New astronomical tools have brought thousands of exoplanets into view; scientists are on the cusp of discovering a true Earth twin. Strange new planetary species abound, such as “hot Jupiters”, giant planets that hug their parent stars in an all-too-warm orbital embrace—evidence that, at least in other star systems, planets really do wander. The menagerie of exoplanets has provided new natural laboratories for scientists to test out models of planetary formation and evolution. As always, however, the questions remain roughly the same: Is the solar system a freakish accident, and Earth even more special? Or could there be fellow travelers on our fellow wanderers?


The Sun
The Sun is by far the largest object in the solar system. It contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System (Jupiter contains most of the rest). It is often said that the Sun is an "ordinary" star. That's true in the sense that there are many others similar to it. But there are many more smaller stars than larger ones; the Sun is in the top 10% by mass. The median size of stars in our galaxy is probably less than half the mass of the Sun.


Jupiter
Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in the sky (after the Sun, the Moon and Venus). It has been known since prehistoric times as a bright "wandering star". But in 1610 when Galileo first pointed a telescope at the sky he discovered Jupiter's four large moons ., Europa, Ganymedeand Callisto (now known as the Galilean moons) and recorded their motions back and forth around Jupiter.


Mercury
In Roman mythology Mercury is the god of commerce, travel and thievery, the Roman counterpart of the Greek god Hermes, the messenger of the Gods. The planet probably received this name because it moves so quickly across the sky. Mercury has been known since at least the time of the Sumerians (3rd millennium BC).


Venus Facts


Venus is the second planet from the Sun and the sixth largest. Venus' orbit is the most nearly circular of that of any planet, with an eccentricity of less than 1%.
Planet Profile


orbit: 108,200,000 km (0.72 AU) from Sun
diameter: 12,103.6 km
mass: 4.869e24 kg


History of Venus
Venus (Greek: Aphrodite; Babylonian: Ishtar) is the goddess of love and beauty. The planet is so named probably because it is the brightest of the planets known to the ancients. (With a few exceptions, the surface features on Venus are named for female figures.)

Venus has been known since prehistoric times. It is the brightest object in the sky except for the Sun and the Moon. Like Mercury, it was popularly thought to be two separate bodies: Eosphorus as the morning star and Hesperus as the evening star, but the Greek astronomers knew better. (Venus's apparition as the morning star is also sometimes called Lucifer.)

Since Venus is an inferior planet, it shows phases when viewed with a telescope from the perspective of Earth. Galileo's observation of this phenomenon was important evidence in favor of Copernicus'sheliocentric theory of the solar system.

The first spacecraft to visit Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962. It was subsequently visited by many others (more than 20 in all so far), including Pioneer Venus and the Soviet Venera 7 the first spacecraft to land on another planet, and Venera 9 which returned the first photographs of the surface. The first orbiter, the US spacecraft Magellan produced detailed maps of Venus' surface using radar. ESA's Venus Express launched in November of 2005 and arrived at Venus in April 2006. The Venus Express is conducting atmospheric studies, mapping the Venusian surface temperatures and the plasma environment.

Venus' rotation is somewhat unusual in that it is both very slow (243 Earth days per Venus day, slightly longer than Venus' year) and retrograde. In addition, the periods of Venus' rotation and of its orbit are synchronized such that it always presents the same face toward Earth when the two planets are at their closest approach. Whether this is a resonance effect or merely a coincidence is not known.

Venus is sometimes regarded as Earth's sister planet. In some ways they are very similar:
Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth (95% of Earth's diameter, 80% of Earth's mass).
Both have few craters indicating relatively young surfaces.
Their densities and chemical compositions are similar.
Because of these similarities, it was thought that below its dense clouds Venus might be very Earthlike and might even have life. But, unfortunately, more detailed study of Venus reveals that in many important ways it is radically different from Earth. It may be the least hospitable place for life in the solar system.

The pressure of Venus' atmosphere at the surface is 90 atmospheres (about the same as the pressure at a depth of 1 km in Earth's oceans). It is composed mostly of carbon dioxide. There are several layers of clouds many kilometers thick composed of sulphuric acid. These clouds completely obscure our view of the surface. This dense atmosphere produces a run-away greenhouse effect that raises Venus' surface temperature by about 400 degrees to over 740 K (hot enough to melt lead). Venus' surface is actually hotter than Mercury's despite being nearly twice as far from the Sun. Venus has a vortex at each pole. These vortices rotate vertically and recycle the atmosphere downwards. The north polar vortex has a peculliar double eye shape surrounded by a collar of cool air; it makes a complete rotation in three Earth days.

There are strong (350 kph) winds at the cloud tops but winds at the surface are very slow, no more than a few kilometers per hour.

Venus probably once had large amounts of water like Earth but it all boiled away. Venus is now quite dry. Earth would have suffered the same fate had it been just a little closer to the Sun. We may learn a lot about Earth by learning why the basically similar Venus turned out so differently.

Most of Venus' surface consists of gently rolling plains with little relief. There are also several broad depressions: Atalanta Planitia, Guinevere Planitia, Lavinia Planitia. There two large highland areas: Ishtar Terra in the northern hemisphere (about the size of Australia) and Aphrodite Terra along the equator (about the size of South America). The interior of Ishtar consists mainly of a high plateau, Lakshmi Planum, which is surrounded by the highest mountains on Venus including the enormous Maxwell Montes.

Data from Magellan's imaging radar shows that much of the surface of Venus is covered by lava flows. There are several large shield volcanoes (similar to Hawaii or Olympus Mons) such as Sif Mons. Recently announced findings indicate that Venus is still volcanically active, but only in a few hot spots; for the most part it has been geologically rather quiet for the past few hundred million years.

There are no small craters on Venus. It seems that small meteoroids burn up in Venus' dense atmosphere before reaching the surface. Craters on Venus seem to come in bunches indicating that large meteoroids that do reach the surface usually break up in the atmosphere.

The oldest terrains on Venus seem to be about 800 million years old. Extensive volcanism at that time wiped out the earlier surface including any large craters from early in Venus' history.

Magellan's images show a wide variety of interesting and unique features including pancake volcanoes (left) which seem to be eruptions of very thick lava and coronae (right) which seem to be collapsed domes over large magma chambers.

The interior of Venus is probably very similar to that of Earth: an iron core about 3000 km in radius, a molten rocky mantle comprising the majority of the planet. Recent results from the Magellan gravity data indicate that Venus' crust is stronger and thicker than had previously been assumed. Like Earth, convection in the mantle produces stress on the surface. However on Venus the stress is relieved in many relatively small regions instead of being concentrated at the boundaries of large plates as is the case on Earth.

Venus has no magnetic field, perhaps because of its slow rotation.

Venus has no satellites, and thereby hangs a tale.

Venus is usually visible with the unaided eye. Sometimes (inaccurately) referred to as the "morning star" or the "evening star", it is by far the brightest "star" in the sky. There are several Web sites that show the current position of Venus (and the other planets) in the sky. More detailed and customized charts can be created with a planetarium program.

On June 8 2004, Venus passed directly between the Earth and the Sun, appearing as a large black dot travelling across the Sun's disk. This event is known as a "transit of Venus" and is very rare: the last two were in 1882 and 2012, for the next you'll have to wait until 2117. While no longer of great scientific importance as it was in the past, this event was the impetus for a major journey for many amateur astronomers.

What is gravity?

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Gravity is a force which tries to pull two objects toward each other. Anything which has mass also has a gravitational pull. The more massive an object is, the stronger its gravitational pull is. Earth's gravity is what keeps you on the ground and what causes objects to fall. Gravity is what holds the planets in orbit around the Sun and what keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth. The closer you are to an object, the stronger its gravitational pull is. Gravity is what gives you weight. It is the force that pulls on all of the mass in your body.

How does gravity work?

Every time you jump, you experience gravity. It pulls you back down to the ground. Without gravity, you'd float off into the atmosphere -- along with all of the other matter on Earth.

You see gravity at work any time you drop a book, step on a scale or toss a ball up into the air. It's such a constant presence in our lives, we seldom marvel at the mystery of it -- but even with several well-received theories out there attempting to explain why a book falls to the ground (and at the same rate as a pebble or a couch, at that), they're still just theories. The mystery of gravity's pull is pretty much intact.
So what do we know about gravity? We know that it causes any two objects in the universe to be drawn to one another. We know that gravity assisted in forming the universe, that it keeps the moon in orbit around the Earth, and that it can be harnessed for more mundane applications like gravity-powered motors or gravity-powered lamps.
As for the science behind the action, we know that Isaac Newton defined gravity as a force -- one that attracts all objects to all other objects. We know that Albert Einstein said gravity is a result of the curvature of space-time. These two theories are the most common and widely held (if somewhat incomplete) explanations of gravity.
In this article, we'll look at Newton's theory of gravity, Einstein's theory of gravity and we'll touch on a more recent view of the phenomenon as well.

Although many people had already noted that gravity exists, Newton was the first to develop a cohesive explanation for gravity, so we'll start there.
Gaga for gravity waves

With a single chirp, scientists confirmed the existence of gravitational waves created by the collision of two black holes. Science News’ special report (SN: 3/5/16) and subsequent stories in the March 19 issue sparked a flurry of reader questions on the physics of gravitational waves.

Reader Peter Toot wondered if gravitational waves’ ability to bend spacetime stretches light waves. “It seems to me that the expansion and contraction effects of the waves on the [LIGO] detector and surroundings would also apply equally to the wavelength of the light beams used by the detector,” Toot wrote. “If so, it then seems like the impact on phase difference between the recombinant beams would net out to zero phase shift. That clearly didn’t happen. Why not?”

It’s true that gravitational waves affect both the LIGO observatory and the laser light. However, the interferrometer contains two perpendicular arms, says Tom Siegfried. While one arm is shortened by the wave, the other is lengthened. Since the speed of light remains the same in both arms, the change in arm lengths means the two laser beams will not arrive at the same time. Because of this setup, the change in the light’s wavelength is irrelevant.

It appears that the mass was turned directly into energy, Crockett says. LIGO researchers estimated the black holes’ masses before and after the collision. “The energy that came out is roughly what you would expect from that much mass transforming into wave energy,” he said. “The mind does, indeed, reel.In his article on the power generated by the black holes’ collision (SN: 3/19/16, p. 5),Christopher Crockett reported that three suns’ worth of mass transformed into gravitational wave energy as the black holes merged. “Was this mass converted to energy or was it momentum (already energy) transferred into a radiating spacetime wave?” asked Ron Blachman. “In any event, the mind reels…. Entropy’ll get us all.”

Top 50 Very Important Question Answer For Science Subject

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In competitive exams Science is very important subject, because 30% question answers are related to general science. Science is also very important for every person, because it changes the way to see the world. In general knowledge science also play vital role. Here is some important question answer related to simple science which are helps you in every exam or quiz competition. Let’s discuss some general science quiz question answer….
Q.1 How many men have walked on the moon?
Ans- TWELVE
2. The fastest-running terrestrial animal is:
Ans- CHEETAH
3. In what country do the greatest number of tornadoes occur?
Ans- UNITED STATES (Central and Southeastern portions)
4. Which sea is the saltiest natural lake and is also at the lowest elevation on the face of the earth?
Ans- THE DEAD SEA
5. As you go down into a well, your weight:
Ans- DECREASES SLIGHTLY
6. What mammal lays eggs?
Ans- PLATYPUS
7. The only species of cat that lives and hunts in groups is:
Ans- LION
8. How many time zones are there on Earth?
Ans- 24 zones
9. What land mammal holds the record for the greatest age?
Ans- Man
10. What is the name for steel alloyed with chromium?
Ans- STAINLESS STEEL
11. Which of the following is used in pencils?
Ans- Graphite
12. Chemical formula for water is
Ans- H2O
13. The gas usually filled in the electric bulb is
Ans- nitrogen
14. Washing soda is the common name for
Ans- Sodium carbonate
15. Which of the gas is not known as green house gas?
Ans- Hydrogen
16. The hardest substance available on earth is
Ans- Diamond
17. Which of the following is used as a lubricant?
Ans- Graphite
18. The average salinity of sea water is
Ans- 3.5%
19. Heavy water is
Ans- deuterium oxide.
20. Who is called the Father of the Nuclear Navy?
Ans- HYMEN RICKOVER
21. What do you call the top of an ocean wave?
Ans- the crest
22. What are the two main gases in the air that we breathe?
Ans- nitrogen and oxygen
23. What part of a plant carries water to its leaves?
Ans- the stem
24. The science of weights and measures is called
Ans- METROLOGY
25. What body function are rats unable to do which makes them extra vulnerable to poison?
Ans : Vomit
26. Name commonly called laughing gas.
Ans- Nitrous oxide
27. Which of the following is the lightest metal ?
Ans- Lithium
28. The gas used to extinguish fire is
Ans- Carbon dioxide
29. The metal used in storage batteries
Ans- Lead
30. Heavy water is
Ans- Deuterium oxide
31. Largest living organism on earth ?
Ans- Tree
32. How kinds of trees in the world ?
Ans- 23000
33. The adult human of average age and size has approximately how many quarts of blood? Is it
Ans- 6
34. When a human donor gives a pint of blood, it usually requires how many weeks for the body RESERVE of red corpuscles to be replaced?
Ans- 7 weeks
35. The condition in which there is a DECREASE in the number of white blood cells in humans is known as ?
Ans- leukopenia
36. The smallest of the FORMED elements of the blood are the?
Ans- platelets
37. Cardiology is the study of the
Ans- Heart
38. How many colours in light ?
Ans- Seven (07)
39. DNA shape called ?
Ans- A double helix
40. Bulb contain which element?
Ans- Filament
41. Electric current is measured using what device?
Ans- Ammeter
42. What are the two main metals in the earth’s core?
Ans- Iron and nickel
43. Deer meat is also known as?
Ans- Venison
44. What is the name of the process used by plants to convert sunlight into food?
Ans- Photosynthesis
45. The Great Barrier Reef is found off the coast of which country?
Ans- Australia
46. The ‘Pizza Hut’ franchise began in what country?
Ans- USA
47. Human nails made from?
Ans- Keratin
48. Scientist Marie Curie was born in which country?
Ans- Poland
49. Who is known as Father Of Science?
50. Hottest Planet in Universe?
Ans- Venus

Weather and climate

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For this exercise, you will need to use a computer with Internet access, or your teacher may choose to collect the information for the class. You may use data for the capital city of your province or territory, or select another location from the city list on the Environment Canada Web site at www.weatheroffice.ec.gc.ca. Set up this exercise at the end of one month so that you can track the temperatures for the entire following calendar month. 
1. Use the Past Weather link on the side menu to find the Climate Normals for the city you've chosen. Check to be sure that that location also reports daily highs and lows on their weather forecast Web page. 
2. Find the normal daily maximum and minimum temperatures for that city for next month, and draw lines on the graph on the next page to represent these temperatures. Use a different colour for each, but don't use red or blue. For example, if the normal daily maximum is 16.2 C, you could draw a straight line in green at that point running from the first day of the month to the end of the month.
 3. The Past Weather section of this Web site gives you Climate Data Online as well. You can use this link once a week for the following month to retrieve the actual daily high and low temperatures for that same city. Plot the daily temperatures using red for the maximum and blue for the minimum. Make a line graph by connecting the dots that represent the temperature values. 
4. At the end of the month, compare the lines representing the actual temperatures with the lines representing the normal or average temperatures. a. Did the actual temperatures match the normal ones? b. Which lines would be considered weather and which would be climate? c. In your own words, explain why they are different.
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